Start with the seller and vehicle identity
Ask to see the seller's identification and the title before becoming invested in the car. Match names, VINs, and signatures. If the seller cannot provide a coherent title chain or wants to rush a cash-only deal, stop and verify independently.
Research the VIN without inventing history
Decode the VIN, compare it with the car and paperwork, and check available recall information. A free VIN check is a first step, not a substitute for title, lien, accident, insurance, or odometer records.
Inspect the actual car
See a cold start, test drive where lawful and insured, look for warning lights and leaks, inspect tire wear and body-panel alignment, and obtain an independent pre-purchase inspection. Service records can support a seller's claims but should be read alongside the vehicle itself.
Complete the handoff deliberately
Confirm the applicable state transfer requirements before payment. Use a traceable method, retain copies, and complete the transaction where documentation can be verified. Never confuse an unavailable result with a clean result.